英國(guó)大學(xué)欺凌的因果關(guān)系論文范文分享

欺凌的因果關(guān)系論文范文分享

Bullying is not something new. Children, teens, and youngsters all over the world might have gone through a bullying experience, being either the bully or the one bullied. Unfortunately, it has become a pervasive problem in today’s schools and societies, and parents, psychologists, and teachers are trying to keep it under control.

How can bullying be described? It is a sum of behaviors the bully, meaning the one who feels empowered to have this behavior, does to the ones around him. These behaviors can range from spreading rumors about the one bullied that usually are lies. Then, the colleagues and the ones who know the victim will engage in bullying actions, will laugh at the one bullied, and so on.

Another bullying behavior that can be easily observed is social exclusion. The bully is excluding the victim from the group, making fun of the bullied person, insulting, teasing, or calling the victim names. Usually, those who feel empowered to be bullies have other friends with them that give them power. It is about making fun, insulting, and bullying someone and letting others see. In private, the bullying behavior has no value for the bully.

These are some mild typical behaviors bullies usually have. Sometimes, they go even further and harm the victim, adopting usually dangerous behaviors but that have huge effects. Spitting, pushing, and hitting are just some of the intimidation techniques bullies usually use. They might go even further and destroy something that is the property of the victim or forcing the bullied person to do something that he or she does not want to do.

The range of bullying behaviors is quite wide, and even though bullies adopt mild behaviors, such as spreading rumors or lies about someone, they have consequences and effects. The last years have been marked by a rise of bullying attacks in schools and the rapid growth of technology has created something even more terrible: cyberbullying.

Today’s world is marked by unpredictability and confusion, feelings generated by the global pandemic. In a time where children and youngsters are forced to limit their social interactions with their peers, the rates of cyberbullying are skyrocketing. Cyberbullying behaviors include sharing, posting, or spreading negative content about the victim. The harassment has just moved online these days and the bullying problem has not been yet solved (Cyberbullying statistics).

The causes that make a teenager or child become a bully can be diverse. The main cause is usually a dysfunctional family the child has grown up in. Children are like sponges and their growing and maturing years are very sensitive. If the family is dysfunctional, meaning that there are constant conflicts in the house or one of the parents has addictions, children might become bullies.

However, it is important to note that not all children that grow up in unhealthy environments become bullies. If as a child you witness abusive acts in your family and domestic violence, you might learn that this is how life needs to be. What is common if we look at bullies is the way their family is related to them. If they grew up in families where their needs were not met, where affection is something strange, where parents and bigger brothers used to show their power, children might later become bullies. They will need to have power, so they will exercise it on the ones they find more vulnerable and weaker.

Another cause of bullying is the experience the bully went through. The personal experiences of the bully are the ones that matter, and usually, they were bullied by stepbrothers or sisters, parents, or even neighbors. If the bully was bullied in the past, might try to do it themselves. Why? Because they learn that this is the only way to impose yourself and that violence, whether written, spoken, or physical, can help you do it better.

The way the family is organized and parents respond to the needs of the children is a cause that leads to bullying. In families where parents have an anxious or avoidant attachment style, children do not receive the attention they want. So, bullying can be the means to accomplish this goal: getting attention. Children and teenagers that do this solely for this purpose are usually lonely. They do not have friends and think that bullying is the only way to be acknowledged and get attention in this harsh world. Another cause of the bullying behavior might be the envy that the victim has achieved or has something more than them.

Bullying behavior is widespread in every society and its effects can be devastating. A few years ago, the effects of bullying were not clearly understood. But scientists and psychologists have begun to notice a rise in teenager suicides; at the same time, anxiety and depression disorders are more and more frequent in children and adolescents. More than 50% of U.S. children and teenagers say they have been the victim of bullying at least once in their lives (psychology study).

Bullying has immense negative effects on the emotional and mental health of the victim. These years should be marked by maturity, learning how to cope with your emotions, and how to control them. Those who are bullied might have behavioral and psychological problems if these are not addressed in time and the toxic behavior stopped.

Children and teenagers who are bullied lose their self-esteem and confidence. The words, rumors, and the lies the bully has told them makes them question their value. They might change their way of living just to meet the expectations of the bully and maybe it will stop. Unfortunately, bullied children and adolescents can easily develop anxious and depressive symptoms. Even though there is no clear correlation between bullying and suicide among teenagers, bullied children and teenagers are more prone to committing it.

Suicide is usually linked to more kinds of trauma. However, it is well-known that the rate of suicide among children and teenagers is growing continuously. There are already a few cases of children that committed suicide because they were victims of cyberbullying.

The problem with bullying is that today’s children and teenagers grow up in a society that puts a high emphasis on how you look. This is what social media taught children and teenagers, who spend more time than ever on social media platforms. Some youngsters are even addicted to selfies and show only their perfect face on the internet. Social media and the development of technology has alienated children, keeping them away from the true values.

When all that matters is the number of likes, comments, and endorsements the new photo you post gets, not having your expectations met can be damaging for your self-image. It is thus essential to address the causes of bullying, inform more on its effects, and find solutions to this pervasive problem. These solutions should not focus only on bullies and victims, but also on bystanders. Because they could also become bullies and for the moment, they support bullying even if they are just witnessing it.

Bullying is a problem that can have negative effects on the emotional, cognitive, and mental development of victims and bullies alike. At the same time, it can have devastating effects on their academic life and self-esteem. Usually, bullies come from unhealthy and dysfunctional families where positive emotions, affection, and openness do not find their place..

翻譯：

欺凌不是什么新鮮事。世界各地的兒童、青少年和年輕人可能都經(jīng)歷過(guò)欺凌的經(jīng)歷，他們要么是被欺凌者，要么是被欺凌者。不幸的是，它已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今學(xué)校和社會(huì)的一個(gè)普遍問(wèn)題，家長(zhǎng)、心理學(xué)家和教師正在努力控制它。

如何描述欺凌行為?它是欺凌者(指感覺(jué)有能力有這種行為的人)對(duì)他周圍的人所做的行為的總和。這些行為包括散布關(guān)于被欺凌者的謠言，這些謠言通常是謊言。然后，同事和認(rèn)識(shí)受害者的人也會(huì)參與欺凌行為，嘲笑被欺凌者，等等。

另一種容易觀察到的欺凌行為是社會(huì)排斥。欺凌者將受害者排除在群體之外，取笑被欺凌者，侮辱、戲弄或叫受害者的名字。通常情況下，那些覺(jué)得自己有能力成為欺凌者的人，有其他朋友和他們?cè)谝黄穑o了他們力量。這就是取笑、侮辱和欺負(fù)某人，并讓其他人看到。在私下里，欺凌行為對(duì)欺凌者沒(méi)有任何價(jià)值。

這些是欺凌者通常有的一些溫和的典型行為。有時(shí)，他們甚至走得更遠(yuǎn)，傷害受害者，采用的通常是危險(xiǎn)的行為，但卻有巨大的影響。吐口水、推搡和毆打只是欺凌者通常使用的一些恐嚇手段。他們可能會(huì)走得更遠(yuǎn)，破壞受害者的財(cái)產(chǎn)，或強(qiáng)迫被欺凌者做他或她不愿意做的事情。

欺凌行為的范圍相當(dāng)廣泛，即使欺凌者采取溫和的行為，如散布關(guān)于某人的謠言或謊言，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生后果和影響。過(guò)去幾年中，學(xué)校中的欺凌攻擊事件不斷增加，技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了更可怕的東西：網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌。

今天的世界是以不可預(yù)測(cè)和混亂為標(biāo)志的，這些感覺(jué)是由全球大流行病產(chǎn)生的。在兒童和青少年被迫限制與同齡人的社會(huì)交往的時(shí)候，網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的發(fā)生率正在急劇上升。網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌行為包括分享、張貼或傳播關(guān)于受害者的負(fù)面內(nèi)容。這些天來(lái)，騷擾行為剛剛轉(zhuǎn)移到網(wǎng)上，欺凌問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有得到解決(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù))。

使青少年或兒童成為欺凌者的原因可能是多樣的。主要原因通常是孩子成長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)不正常的家庭。兒童就像海綿一樣，他們的成長(zhǎng)和成熟期是非常敏感的。如果家庭不健全，也就是說(shuō)家里經(jīng)常有沖突，或者父母中的一方有毒癮，孩子就可能成為欺凌者。

然而，重要的是要注意，并非所有在不健康環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大的兒童都會(huì)成為欺凌者。如果作為一個(gè)孩子，你目睹了家庭中的虐待行為和家庭暴力，你可能會(huì)了解到這就是生活需要的方式。如果我們看一下欺凌者，常見(jiàn)的是他們的家庭與他們的關(guān)系方式。如果他們?cè)诩彝ブ虚L(zhǎng)大，他們的需求得不到滿足，親情是一種奇怪的東西，父母和大哥哥習(xí)慣于顯示他們的權(quán)力，孩子們后來(lái)可能會(huì)成為欺凌者。他們需要擁有權(quán)力，所以他們會(huì)對(duì)他們認(rèn)為更脆弱和更弱小的人行使權(quán)力。

欺凌的另一個(gè)原因是欺凌者所經(jīng)歷的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。欺凌者的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷才是最重要的，通常情況下，他們被繼兄弟或姐妹、父母、甚至鄰居欺負(fù)過(guò)。如果欺凌者在過(guò)去被欺凌，可能會(huì)嘗試自己動(dòng)手。為什么呢?因?yàn)樗麄兞私獾竭@是強(qiáng)加給自己的唯一方式，而暴力，無(wú)論是書(shū)面的、口頭的還是身體的，都能幫助你更好地完成。

家庭的組織方式和父母對(duì)孩子需求的反應(yīng)是導(dǎo)致欺凌的一個(gè)原因。在父母具有焦慮或回避依戀風(fēng)格的家庭中，兒童得不到他們想要的關(guān)注。因此，欺凌可能是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的手段：獲得關(guān)注。僅僅為了這個(gè)目的而這樣做的兒童和青少年通常是孤獨(dú)的。他們沒(méi)有朋友，認(rèn)為欺凌是在這個(gè)殘酷的世界上被承認(rèn)和獲得關(guān)注的唯一途徑。欺凌行為的另一個(gè)原因可能是羨慕受害者取得了比他們更多的成就或擁有更多的東西。

欺凌行為在每個(gè)社會(huì)都很普遍，其影響可能是毀滅性的。幾年前，人們對(duì)欺凌的影響并不清楚。但是科學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)開(kāi)始注意到青少年自殺事件的增加;同時(shí)，焦慮和抑郁癥在兒童和青少年中越來(lái)越頻繁。超過(guò)50%的美國(guó)兒童和青少年說(shuō)他們?cè)谏钪兄辽儆幸淮纬蔀槠哿璧氖芎φ?心理學(xué)研究)。

欺凌行為對(duì)受害者的情感和心理健康有巨大的負(fù)面影響。這些年的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是成熟，學(xué)習(xí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)自己的情緒，以及如何控制它們。那些被欺負(fù)的人可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)行為和心理問(wèn)題，如果這些問(wèn)題沒(méi)有得到及時(shí)解決并停止有毒的行為。

被欺負(fù)的兒童和青少年會(huì)失去自尊和自信。欺凌者對(duì)他們說(shuō)的那些話、謠言和謊言使他們懷疑自己的價(jià)值。他們可能會(huì)改變自己的生活方式，只是為了滿足欺凌者的期望，也許這一切會(huì)停止。不幸的是，被欺凌的兒童和青少年很容易出現(xiàn)焦慮和抑郁癥狀。盡管欺凌和青少年自殺之間沒(méi)有明確的關(guān)聯(lián)，但被欺凌的兒童和青少年更容易自殺。

自殺通常與更多種類的創(chuàng)傷有關(guān)。然而，眾所周知，兒童和青少年的自殺率正在持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。已經(jīng)有一些兒童因?yàn)槭蔷W(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的受害者而自殺的案例。

欺凌的問(wèn)題在于，今天的兒童和青少年成長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)高度重視自己外表的社會(huì)。這是社交媒體教給兒童和青少年的，他們?cè)谏缃幻襟w平臺(tái)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間比以往更多。一些年輕人甚至沉迷于自拍，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上只展示自己的完美面孔。社交媒體和技術(shù)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)疏遠(yuǎn)了兒童，讓他們遠(yuǎn)離真正的價(jià)值觀。

當(dāng)所有的東西都是你發(fā)布的新照片所獲得的喜歡、評(píng)論和認(rèn)可的數(shù)量時(shí)，沒(méi)有滿足你的期望就會(huì)對(duì)你的自我形象造成損害。因此，必須解決欺凌的原因，更多地告知其影響，并為這一普遍存在的問(wèn)題找到解決方案。這些解決方案不應(yīng)僅僅關(guān)注欺凌者和受害者，還應(yīng)該關(guān)注旁觀者。因?yàn)樗麄円部赡艹蔀槠哿枵撸湍壳岸裕麄冎С制哿瑁词顾麄冎皇悄慷昧似哿琛?/p>

欺凌是一個(gè)可以對(duì)受害者和欺凌者的情感、認(rèn)知和心理發(fā)展產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，它還會(huì)對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)生活和自尊心產(chǎn)生破壞性影響。通常情況下，欺凌者來(lái)自不健康和不正常的家庭，在這些家庭中，積極的情感、親情和開(kāi)放性沒(méi)有找到自己的位置。

以上就是關(guān)于英國(guó)大學(xué)欺凌的因果關(guān)系論文范文分享，如果還有其他疑問(wèn)，可以隨時(shí)與留學(xué)生輔導(dǎo)網(wǎng)的老師進(jìn)行溝通哦。